Metabolic Syndrome
What is metabolic syndrome? – Metabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome affects one in five people, and prevalence increases with age. Some studies estimate the prevalence in the USA to be up to 25% of the population.
Metabolic syndrome is also known as metabolic syndrome X, syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven’s syndrome, and CHAOS (Australia). A similar condition in overweight horses is referred to as equine metabolic syndrome
The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for the metabolic syndrome:
- High insulin levels, an elevated fasting blood glucose or an elevated post meal glucose alone with at least 2 of the following criteria:
- Abdominal obesity as defined by a waist to hip ratio of greater than 0.9, a body mass index of at least 30 kg/m2 or a waist measurement over 37 inches.
- Cholesterol panel showing a triglyceride level of at least 150 mg/dl or an HDL cholesterol lower than 35 mg/dl.
- Blood pressure of 140/90 or above (or on treatment for high blood pressure).
Metabolic syndrome Symptoms
- Fasting hyperglycemia — diabetes mellitus type 2 or impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or insulin resistance
- High blood pressure
- Central obesity (also known as visceral, male-pattern or apple-shaped adiposity), overweight with fat deposits mainly around the waist
- Decreased HDL cholesterol
- Elevated triglycerides
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